Why Team And Teamwork Come Up With Better Solution

Introduction An organization needs to produce profitable outcomes in order to be successful and this is where team and teamwork come in role. A team can be defined as a group of people pooling their skills, talents and knowledge. (Scholtes, Peter, 1988) The elements of engagement and mutual accountability , define a team as a small group of people so dedicated to something greater than themselves, that they will not be denied. For this course a team is defined â€Å"as a group of people collectively drive toward a common goal , capitalising and respecting the skills and knowledge of all people.† (Katzenbach, J., and Smith, D., 1993) It is said â€Å"two brains function better than one† and this is what happens in a team. When people come together for a common goal excellent results are achieved. Importance of a team in an organization: When is comes to solving a problem more people come up with better solution. They can better visualize a situation and reach to a clear definition of a problem. Thus no problem for long can hamper the company’s goal of being successful. A team shares workload, responsibilities and help each other while working together. All members are given work according to their capabilities and field of interest. The output thus results in faster and efficient results. An organization has multiple areas that need to be taken care of. If an individual is responsible for a number of tasks then many of them might suffer and take a backseat, as all things cannot beShow MoreRelatedImproving The Team s Collective Knowledge814 Words   |  4 Pagesimproving the team’s collective knowledge. By continuous development and training, the team can generate more energy and understanding, which will ultimately lead to success Secret 13: Provide on-going training A sense of accomplishment can boost the team’s morale and energy. A simple way to do this is by guaranteeing the members continue developing their skill and gain positive experiences through training. Each team member should participate in development courses and to educate themselves furtherRead MoreWorking in Teams Essay992 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Manager’s Hot Seat: Working in Teams: Cross-Functional, I was able to distinguish the difference between the words team and teamwork. Team refers to a small group of people with complementary skills, who work together to achieve a shared purpose and hold themselves mutually accountable for performance results ( Schermerhorm,2011). In this video, yes there was team that consisted of Rosa Denson, Cheng Jing, Simon Mahoney and Joe Tanney who plays the role of team leader for an assigned high priorityRead MoreHow Teams And Teamwork Affect Individual Satisfaction And Motivation For Individual Performance1230 Words   |  5 P agesTo start with, before coming to the fundamental concept of how teams and teamwork are used in everyone advantage, it is imperative to look at the individual characteristic first. As a manager in an organisation, manager has to know of how he or she can influence the performance of people who work for him or her. In a working situation, motivation among workers can be varied depending on their individual differences. As Furnham (2002) highlighted that researchers have been working on finding the triggersRead MoreJack Ma On Teamwork. Jack Views Teamwork As A Sense Of1420 Words   |  6 PagesJack ma on teamwork Jack views teamwork as a sense of unity for common interests and responsibilities developed by individuals in an organization. Sometimes people ask why teamwork is so important whereas they can complete tasks well while working alone. Well, teamwork concentrates on the element of synergy where the sum is definitely greater compared to the parts. He further likens teamwork to sports where teams made up of expensive players are regularly outperformed by individually less talentedRead MoreThis Essay Will Examine Two Different Areas Of Teams And1522 Words   |  7 Pagesof teams and teamwork which are decision-making and leadership that are required to develop better working relationships. Many organizations in the contemporary business world recognize the significance of teams and teamwork as far as the accomplishment of targeted goals is concerned. A team can be described as a group of individuals having complementary skills working together to accomplish a common goal(s) and they are mutually responsible for their performance outcomes, where else teamwork refersRead MoreEffective Communications With Specific Examples And Recommendations1633 Words   |  7 Pagespeople to build relationships and trust, especially in teams. Effective communication is about receiving an intended message, interpreting without interference, and providing a clear feedback. Communication is interconnected to every successful element in a team, and it is also the critical in managing people. As Peter Drucker indicates in Managing Oneself, â€Å"communicate with each other is the key to achieving effective results.† During our first team meeting, we immediately started to share our MBTI resultsRead MoreThe Success Of A Team1458 Words   |  6 Pagesregards to teamwork is actually which the expertise involving team members will be more critical in comparison with his or her power, attention in addition to travel for your responsibilities. Another favourite fantasy is actually which members aren t singularly responsible for the particular success as well as failures of these teams. In reality that men and women would be the tiniest models inside their teams and that his or her personalized skills influence several outcomes within their teams. TeamsRead MoreFactors That Have No Solutions1241 Words   |  5 Pages Some fa ctors have no solutions. In these circumstances the nursing staff have done all they can do, but the disease has taken over. In instances like this, much of the blame is directed towards the long-term care facility and its employees. â€Å"Unfortunately, certain diseases and conditions cannot be reversed. Certainly this is no one person’s or institution’s fault. Often, these medical conditions and their related declines cause other comorbidities that result in unavoidable patient declinesRead MoreTootsie Roll Qa831 Words   |  4 Pagesmethod, which in some cases can alienate lower leveled employees. TRI has implemented a few different programs to encourage accessibility, teamwork, and open communication. The company’s â€Å"open door policy,† allows for employees to observe and participate in the decision-making process throughout all departments. The company also established cross-functional teams, which increases creativity and increases the employees’ sensitivity on issues that will affect the organization. Cross functional groupsRead MoreLeadership Analysis971 Words   |  4 PagesChange within healthcare is inevitable. Whether it is a new equipment to make giving medication better or, new policies and procedures introduced to better patient care, It is how the leadership present and implement the change along with their style of management to the unit that will prove how successful or unsuccessful their management was in their unit. The purpose of this paper is to explain why understanding and effectively managing change and innovation are an n essential leadership competency

Mayan Architecture Their Greatest Achievement - 715 Words

A man, his skin bronzed from the endless amount of time under the sun, carries a large stone on his back. He plods through the small plants and underbrush, a faint cloud of dust rising in his wake. His breaths come in harsh pants that rasp through his dry throat, his chest heaving with carrying such a heavy load. Sweat covers his entire body and makes him shine under the noonday sun like a glorious god descending from the heavens. But, he is not a god. He is a mindless slave involved in an architectural project of Copan, a famous Mayan city. The Maya had a massive civilization that rose in 250 CE and fell around 900 CE. They inhabited an area known as Mesoamerica, which consisted of southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras. The Maya, as a people, are known for several achievements such as an extensive trade network, three calendars, and advances in numbers. Although they are notable, none are as great or powerful as their work in architecture. This shown when all four of these noteworthy achievements are judged by a set of criteria. There is the amount of effort, the scale or size of the achievement, the significance, and genius. There are achievements that some may believe rival the magnificent cities of the Maya such as their trade network, their number sense, and their calendars. Their trading web was an impressive accomplishment as it reached all over Mesoamerica, as well as the fact that there were many kinds of trade items and the number of theShow MoreRelatedIncas Versus The Aztecs And Mayans Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesIncas versus the Aztecs and Mayans The incas rose in 1438, they fell in 1533. They suffered the attacks of Spanish conquerors such as Spaniard Francisco Pizarro (1475-1541) and the spread of small box. At the peak of power the civilization extended 4,000 km (2,500 miles) and included 16 million people. They were extremely advanced, had an army, laws, roads, bridges, and tunnels. Inca’s were the most advanced civilization because of their government, agriculture, architecture and technology comparedRead MoreMaya Collapse1895 Words   |  8 Pagesexisted in Europe and Asia, owning to the discovery of American continent of Christopher Columbus in 1492, one of the greatest civilizations was uncovered: the Mayan empire. As stated in â€Å"Maya civilization† (n.d), the Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization which is not only notably well-known for its written language system but also being famous for many achievements in art, architecture, mathematics and astronomy. Although the Maya civilization lasted for a lo ng period of time from the Pre-classic periodRead MoreThe Mayan Civilization And The Maya Empire1677 Words   |  7 Pages The Mayan civilization or the Maya Empire, centered in the tropical lowlands of what is now Guatemala, reached the peak of its power and influence around the sixth century A.D. The Maya excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork. Most of the great stone cities of the Maya were abandoned by A.D. 900. The Maya civilization was one of the most dominant indigenous societiesRead MoreThe Fall of the Mayan Empire Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pages The fall of the Mayan Empire The collapse of the Mayan Empire is one of history’s greatest mysteries. It was one of the most advanced and developed civilizations of its time period, reining during the Pre-Classic period and into the Classic and Post-Classic Periods (2000 B.C. – 900 A.D.). The territory stretched from the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, down to modern day El Salvador in Central America. Its achievements were monumental for the era, being the first empire communicating with the useRead MoreThe Ancient Civilizations of Central and South America Essay5364 Words   |  22 Pagescivilizations. The Incas, Aztecs, and Mayas were just three of these civilizations. These civilizations ruled the area for many years, and flourished greatly in their own different ways. They were the cause for much advancement in arts, architecture, politics, religion, and society in the world. These civilizations created pyramids, temples, and monuments in honor of their gods and rulers. Their people proved to be intellectually advanced, and they were able to successfully createRead MoreThe Inca Empire Of South America Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pagesceremonies. During the times of vicious weather Incas stored their food in single rooms made of stone called qullqa. They were built near population centres, large estates, and roadside stations. The Incas kept track of the food by using quipe. Their architecture was very beautiful in. Every Inca home there would be some kind of statue of a god. They used finely worked stone to build homes and buildings. There are other types of stone that they use including green limestone, diorite, and black andesiteRead MoreEarly Civilizations and the Dawn of the Medieval Age Essay3703 Words   |  15 PagesEarly Civilizations and the Dawn of the Medieval Age History is an account of mans achievements during the last five thousand years. Though man has been on this planet for about 500,000 years, history only covers a part of this period. The reason for this is that history is essentially based on written documents However the art of writing become known to man, only after 3000 B. C. 1.1 History : Meaning and Importance The word history is derived from the Greek noun historia meaning inquiryRead MoreLevels of Organizational Culture1739 Words   |  7 Pagesvisible products of the group, such that the architecture of it is physical environment; like technology, language, and products, style, embodied in clothing, manner of address, and emotional displays. Its myths story told about the organization Cultures. It is ceremony, values and observable rituals. The most important point to be made about this level of the culture is that it is both easy to observe and very difficult to decipher. The Egyptians and the Mayans both built highly visible pyramids, butRead MoreEssay about Frank Lloyd Wright4265 Words   |  18 Pagesfully intend to be the greatest architect who has yet lived, but fully intend to be the greatest architect who will ever live. Yes, I intend to be the greatest architect of all time. - Frank Lloyd Wright 1867-1959 It appears that from the very beginning, Frank Lloyd Wright was destined by fate or determination to be one of the most celebrated architects of the twentieth century. Not only did Wright possess genius skills in the spatial cognition, his approach to architecture through geometric manipulationRead MoreSummary of 13 Chapters of Belize5562 Words   |  23 Pagesof ancient Maya Civilization. It was divided into three periods. The pre-classic, classic and the post classic. The Mayan continues to re cerate their civilization with accommodations and adjustment reflecting their particular environment. The classic period saw the culminations of the tremendous achievements that began appearing in the pre- classic period, and that’s architecture, the arts, mathematics, astronomy and writing. During the classic period said to be so called, Maya civilization between

Management Technical Environment

Question: Discuss about the Management Technical Environment. Answer: Blockchain in Business Technology has significantly evolved in various sections, and major sectors that benefit from technological evolution are the financial and retail sectors. Blockchain is a combination of various technologies in one system coordinated to maintain an endless growing list of ordered records. Blockchain are designed to be complex such that they could be used by anyone to write any digital currency and at the same time not under any centralized power/control and they do not accept alteration once recorded. According to Nakamoto (2008), as quoted by Marvin Rob in his article on The Invisible Tech That Is Changing the World, Blockchain is said to be a database that combines different data structures like columns, rows or text to execute a command and uses the digital currencies. He finalizes by foreseeing Blockchain being employed in various aspects like in digital currencies, identity confirmation e.t.c. Iansiti and Lakhani (2007), Number of transactions is recorded between two different parties in a correct manner that is very efficient. Its description is an open distributable ledger that can trigger transactions automatically when programmed. They further illustrate that, businesses can significantly benefit if they choose to use Blockchain as part of running their businesses due to; The establishment and verification of identities and chronicles are enhanced by Blockchain. It's possible to set organizational boundaries, assets, especially data related, and security. Limitations of Block Chain Technology in Businesses The authors, Iansiti and Lakhani (2007), advise that block chain has also some of its limitations and any businesses investing in them should have precautions laid out to avoid running loses. Some of the limitations they mention include; technological barriers, governance, security threats by hackers, societal barriers and even internal organizational barriers. According to Sforzin et al., the Blockchain are not yet mature enough to be used in industries and mentions some of the limitations as being; privacy is not enhanced due to Blockchain depending on the already existing transactions and order of executions. They also mention the decentralization of block chain governance is not in a democratic set up hence not applicable to many businesses. Factors to Consider Before using Blockchain According to Iansiti and Lakhani (2007), various factors should be laid in place to ensure that the adoption and use of block chains in businesses are not to be regretted. These factors include the following; The use of transmission control/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) should be put in place to use the internet in connection with other software. The (TCP/IP) enables the establishment of messaging, robust data, voice and video connections which are secure and scaled up. The other benefits are it has allowed expansion of businesses that are internet driven and platform based i.e. Amazon online store. The gradual process of adoption of the Blockchain using some criteria/framework is the next factor to consider. These structures are embedded in four stages; Single use of the Blockchain, like in emails. It's possible to use both online currency and TCP/IP at this juncture. Is the localization stage, is where high novelty innovations with a limited number of users are engaged in value creation. Substitution framework, it aims in the replacement of the fundamental sales processes. Transformation framework, its successful if the first three are successful. It overhauls the whole system in social, economic and political systems and the implications are fascinating. References Iansiti, M. and Lakhani, K. (2007). The Truth About Block Chain. Harvard Business Review. Marvin, R. Block Chain:The Invisible Tech That Is Changing theWorld. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System Sforzin, A., Karame, G., Fedorov, S. and Li, W. Towards Scalable and Private Industrial Block chains

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight free essay sample

Journeys to Knowledge Every beginning comes from some other beginnings end (Closing time by Semisonic). In The Confessions by St. Augustine and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight translated by W. S. Merwin, St. Augustine and Sir Gawain embark on Journeys to find the best way to live their lives and then begin a new Journey of spreading the lessons they learned and the people they have become to the people around them. Although sir Gawain knows he is on a Journey to the Green Chapel, he does not realize that it will lead to him testing his virtues as well as making him a better knight. Similarly, St. Augustine does not realize that all along he was meant to become exactly what his mother urged and hoped he would become. If he had listened to his mother and followed God in the first place, he may not have been as strong of a leader and certainly would not have been as influential of a person as he is known for. We will write a custom essay sample on Sir Gawain and the Green Knight or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The lessons they learn are ones that ultimately change their outlooks and persuade them to better their lives. Firstly, St. Augustine and Sir Gawain were proud of the men they were while they were embarking on their Journeys; however the type of people they ere differ from one another. Sir Gawain was known to be a good knight and gold purified, clear of every crudeness, graced and protected by virtues (Merwin 633), proving he was already a good knight. He carried a shield on his path to the Green Chapel that represented all of his virtues through the five point of the pentangle on his shield: five faith wounds, five Joys of the Queen of heaven, five unfailing fingers, five faultless senses, and five qualities he possessed. His values on his shield are put to the test when he takes part in his adventure through woods, the freezing cold, and he temptation of the lords wife. For example, his courtesy is tested when the wife of the lord tries to get him to kiss her and he does not know how to respond because it is courteous to do as she says but he does not want to kiss the lords wife because it is also disrespectful to the lord, however he kisses her anyway to prove he wants to remain courteous since he is most famously known for being a gentleman. In the case of St. Augustine, he is not known to be a good person at first and believes in the truth and only the truth; however he believes he is correct in thinking the way he oes and following the religion he does. He proves to be a corrupt person when as a child, he steal pears from a tree Just because it gives him a rush, and when he becomes older he becomes a believer of Manichaeism, the religion of truth. However, his belief in Manichaeism is tested during his time as a lawyer and when he has to talk badly against the church which ultimately leads to his coming to Catholicism. St. Augustine was also tempted by several women during his Journey which is similar to Sir Gawains temptation. The way their lessons affect them differ through the fact that Sir Gawain simply improved on the values and beliefs he already had in the beginning of them poem, continuing to be known as a noble knight, where St. Augustine completely changed his way of life and how he thought by the end of his journey by becoming holy and getting rid of his old ways of evil. Another similarity during their voyage is how they were both tempted by something that could have ultimately caused them to do something evil/ ennoble. For St. Augustine, it was his for Sir Gawain it was the green girdle that tempted him to give up his honesty in order to save his life from the Green Knight in their future battle. Both of these instances can be related to the story of Adam and Eve, since Eve listened to the snake and ate the apple from the tree when God told her not too. God could have been putting St. Augustine through the same test as he did with Eve to see if he would be worthy enough, or He could have purposely let him go through with it so he was able to eventually look back on his life and tell what he did wrong so that when he preached to his followers he would not Just be telling stories about the bible but would be able to give his own life experiences to make it more believable. Also, since e had sinned so much he was able to become a better Christian because he wanted to devote his life towards making up for all his sins since he was so angry that he did them, as shown when he says, then I read, Let your anger deter you from sin, and how these words moved me, my God! I had already learned to feel for my past sins an anger with myself that would hold me back from sinning again (St. Augustine X, 4, 10). Similarly Sir Gawain wanted to make up for the sin of keeping the green belt, so he vowed to pursue a life of honesty. Sir Gawain can be connected to Eve through heir objects and their reasoning for giving into the temptation. Most snakes are considered to be green Just like the green girdle Sir Gawain was tempted by; more importantly, green symbolizes selfishness which is present in both stories. Sir Gawain only wanted the belt because he wanted to save his own life and Eve wanted the apple because she wanted the knowledge it was said to have. So by giving into their green desires they disobeyed the orders or deals they made with God and lord Bercilak. Another way both pieces connect to the story of Adam and Eve is that the ivotal moments in each of the stories take place in a garden setting. In Adam and Eve, Eve commits the sin of taking the apple in the Garden of Eden, Sir Gawain realizes that he has to be less selfish and more honest at the garden where the Green Chapel is, and St. Augustine comes to his conversion in a garden as well. Relating back to the temptations of women both Sir Gawain and St. Augustine had, Adam was also influenced by Eve to act sinfully, and proving the influential power a woman can have over a man if they are willing to let her. Both St. Augustine and Sir Gawain have faith in God and Catholicism at some point of their Journey that helps them go forward in life. Sir Gawain puts his faith in Mary as shown when he had painted her portrait on the inside of his shield, so that when his glance fell on it his heart would never falter (Merwin 648). However, St. Augustine ends his Journey finding God and believing in God to guide him through the rest of his life so he can fulfill a life of Christianity and spread the word of the Lord. Another similarity is the way St. Augustine comes to his conversion and the way Sir Gawain learns from the Green Knights game. Both men needed some action to start the conversion whither it was being hit lightly with an axe or seeing the death of several innocent people because of something you allowed. However, St. Augustine was more afraid and took a longer time coming around because he could form no resolve to enter into covenant with [God], though in [his] bones [he] knew that this was something [he] ought to do (St. Augustine VIII, 8, 19). He was afraid that God would not fully forgive all the sins he committed and but he knew at that moment in the garden that this is omparison, felt shame right away and said that since he was being a coward and did not want to give up his own life he gave up some of his virtues. After the event happened, the Green knight gave him the belt as a reminder of how he should not be as much of a coward and be more honest, so when he returned to the round table he shared his story and encouraged the other men to listen to the lesson. They admired the story so much that they all wore green girdles to remind them, to keep passing on the lesson. Likewise, during his confirmation St. Augustine was given the bible and old to read it and this bible became the symbol of his change and through this he was able to continue to pass the word of the Lord on to his followers, as well as through The Confessions to prevent his followers from making the same mistakes he did. Although the message from each of the Journeys is different from another Sir Gawain and St. Augustine share many of the same struggles and temptations along the way. Both pieces can be viewed as religious since main religious figures such as God and Mary are presented multiple times throughout. They also have Religious tories such as Adam and Eve that relate closely to their actions and thoughts. However, Sir Gawain and St. Augustine have different personalities leading up to the end of their Journey causing them either to approve upon themselves or to completely change how they acted and what they thought was morally right. The Green Girdle and the bible served as important reminders to continue to improve on themselves and listen to the values they now hold. All in all, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Confessions stress that every Journey ends with self- acceptance, changing the path they were currently on, to start to embark on a new one.

Crystal Definition, Examples, and Common Types

Crystal Definition, Examples, and Common Types A crystal consists of matter that is formed from an ordered arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions. The lattice that forms extends out in three-dimensions. Because there are repeated units, crystals have recognizable structures. Large crystals display flat regions (faces) and well-defined angles. Crystals with obvious flat faces are called euhedral crystals, while those lacking defined faces are called anhedral crystals. Crystals consisting of ordered arrays of atoms that arent always periodic are called quasicrystals. The word crystal comes from the Ancient Greek word krustallos, which means both rock crystal and ice. The scientific study of crystals is called crystallography. Examples of Crystals Examples of everyday materials you encounter as crystals are table salt (sodium chloride or halite crystals), sugar (sucrose), and snowflakes. Many gemstones are crystals, including quartz and diamond. There are also many materials that resemble crystals but are actually polycrystals. Polycrystals form when microscopic crystals fuse together to form a solid. These materials do not consist of ordered lattices. Examples of polycrystals include ice, many metal samples, and ceramics. Even less structure is displayed by amorphous solids, which have disordered internal structure. An example of an amorphous solid is glass, which may resemble a crystal when faceted, yet isnt one. Chemical Bonds in Crystals The types of chemical bonds formed between atoms or groups of atoms in crystals depend on their size and electronegativity. There are four categories of crystals as grouped by their bonding: Covalent Crystals - Atoms in covalent crystals are linked by covalent bonds. Pure nonmetals form covalent crystals (e.g., diamond) as do covalent compounds (e.g., zinc sulfide).Molecular Crystals - Entire molecules are bonded to each other in an organized manner. A good example is a sugar crystal, which contains sucrose molecules.Metallic Crystals - Metals often form metallic crystals, where some of the valence electrons are free to move throughout the lattice. Iron, for example, can form different metallic crystals.Ionic Crystals - Electrostatic forces form ionic bonds. A classic example is a halite or salt crystal. Crystal Lattices There are seven systems of crystal structures, which are also called  lattices  or space lattices: Cubic or Isometric - This shape includes octahedrons and dodecahedrons as well as cubes.Tetragonal - These crystals form prisms and double pyramids. The structure is like a cubic crystal, except one axis is longer than the other.Orthorhombic - These are rhombic prisms and dipyramids that resemble tetragons but without square cross-sections.Hexagonal - Six-sided prisms with a hexagon cross section.Trigonal - These crystals have a 3-fold axis.Triclinic - Triclinic crystals tend not to be symmetrical.Monoclinic - These crystals resemble skewed tetragonal shapes. Lattices may have one lattice point per cell or more than one, yielding a total of 14 Bravais crystal lattice types. Bravais lattices, named for physicist and crystallographer Auguste Bravais, describe the three-dimensional array made by a set of discrete points. A substance may form more than one crystal lattice. For example, water can form hexagonal ice (such as snowflakes), cubic ice, and rhombohedral ice. It can also form amorphous ice. Carbon can form diamond (cubic lattice) and graphite (hexagonal lattice). How Crystals Form The process of forming a crystal is called crystallization. Crystallization commonly occurs when a solid crystal grows from a liquid or solution. As a hot solution cools or a saturated solution evaporates, particles draw close enough for chemical bonds to form. Crystals can also form from deposition directly from the gas phase. Liquid crystals possess particles oriented in an organized manner, like solid crystals, yet able to flow.

Potpourri of Misspellings

Potpourri of Misspellings Potpourri of Misspellings Potpourri of Misspellings By Maeve Maddox Strolling along Internet Boulevard one morning, I encountered more than the usual quota of misspelled-words-per-minute. INCORRECT: My level of stress is nothing compared to your personal battles with illness and other life hurtles. CORRECT : My level of stress is nothing compared to your personal battles with illness and other life hurdles. hurtle verb: to dash, rush, or hurry, especially with force. â€Å"The bull hurtled through the crowd.† hurdle noun: an obstacle. Literally, a hurdle is a frame that runners jump over. Figuratively, a hurdle is something that stands in the way of a desired achievement. â€Å"Even though she is cancer free, she still has  one more hurdle to overcome.† INCORRECT: We want to be sure we don’t loose our earnest money. CORRECT : We want to be sure we don’t lose our earnest money. loose adjective: not tight. â€Å"Since I lost weight, these jeans are too loose to wear.† lose verb: to part with. â€Å"Don’t lose your lunch money again.† One sentence, from a bewildered college student, yielded not one, but three misspellings in a row. INCORRECT: Theres to much of a differents in the trilagy CORRECT : Theres too much of a difference in the trilogy to preposition: function word that indicates spatial relationships. â€Å"The children have gone to the movies.† too adverb: to an excessive degree. â€Å"He reached the station too late to catch the train. different adjective: unlike, not the same. â€Å"You are wearing two different socks.† difference noun: the state of being different. â€Å"Please explain the difference between refugee and migrant.† trilogy noun: a group of three related things, such as plays or novels. â€Å"Have you read The Lord of the Rings trilogy? I expect to find- and enjoy finding- different registers of grammar and diction used in informal contexts. Non-standard usage in a non-standard register doesn’t jar. Misspellings, on the other hand, distract in every register. Spelling, it seems to me, is a â€Å"cross-platform† sort of thing. Unless the intention is to write like Artemus Ward, native speakers who have completed eight or more years of formal education can be expected to spell common words correctly in every context. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?Capitalization Rules for the Names of GamesApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Why does knowledge of different generic approaches to strategy matter Essay

Why does knowledge of different generic approaches to strategy matter - Essay Example For long term sustainable growth organizations need to follow a well charted out business plan which defines the strategy derived from organization’s vision and mission and transforms the strategy into business activities and actions in all departments including HR. Defining and designing strategy is a complex task. It is derived not only from the vision and mission of the company but various internal and external factors also need to be taken into account for developing an appropriate and well designed strategy. There are many different generic approaches to strategy. HR being considered a strategic partner, these approaches to strategy also has its implications on Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). This paper aims at studying the different approaches to strategy and their implications on SHRM. For the critical analysis of this issue it will make use of the recent literature as well as any empirical evidence available from the real world. Strategy and its Importance What is strategy? The above discussed definition of strategy is a very broad one. Defining the phenomenon of strategy is a difficult assignment. There are various ways in which the definition of strategy can be approached. Application of different approaches may yield conflicting results about how to act, yet each will be based on a reasoned and possible approach. Strategy itself can be based on four basic conceptions that is rational, fatalistic, pragmatic and relativist. Each concept will be suitable for a given set of internal and external environment (Goldman, 2006) . Only an effective strategy ensures sustained profitability and growth. Approaches of Strategy Today’s highly competitive world demands commitment to change and a clear and well defined direction charted out through strategy. There are four basic approaches to strategy namely Classical, evolutionary, processual and systematic (Whittington, 2001). These four approaches of strategy are mapped against some criti cal elements of strategy. These critical elements identified are leadership, decisions, planning, innovation, diversification, internationalization, organization and strategic change. Sloan influenced classical approach is driven by policy. It is authoritative and centralized in nature with major focus on economics only. It is rooted in the elitist mentality and hence an authoritative view of the world and the concerned issues. This approach does not encourage involvement by the workers and hence Human capital management is not emphasized. This classical approach sets long term targets and goals and it is believed that managers have the capability and the willingness to adopt and practice those profit maximizing strategies devised by them through rational long term planning. In short it is top down driven strategy with very minimal role or almost no role for SHRM. The concept behind evolutionary approach is that managers are free to adopt any method but in the long run only the top performers will survive. It is based on the theory of survival of the fittest hence named evolutionary approach. It is believed that achieving the best fit between internal and external factors can yield organizations profits in the short run whereas investing in the long range activities can be counterproductive. This theory is strictly against long term

Breakdown of IT during Hurricane Katrina Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Breakdown of IT during Hurricane Katrina - Essay Example They want to pool their knowledge and interpretations of the situation, understand what resources are available, assess options, plan responses, decide, commit, act, and coordinate. The heart of the network is the communication system they use and the ways they interact within it" (16). There are five elements that make up an HFN which includes "(1) a network of people established rapidly (2) from different communities, (3) working together in a shared conversation space (4) in which they plan, commit to, and execute actions, to (5) fulfil a large, urgent mission" (Denning, 16-17). The basis for forming an HFN for quick responses to emergencies or an urgent task, then disbanding the entire group upon completion of the desired outcome is not an entirely new concept as historically, an HFN has become a necessity in such devastating events such as: "(1) the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center attack that took 2,749 lives which resulted in severe economic impact, especially to airlines, and a stock market loss of $1.2 trillion, (2) the December 26, 2004 tsunami from a 9.1 earthquake that took over 283,000 lives, (3) the August 29, 2005 category-5 hurricane Katrina, which knocked out electric and communication infrastructure, over 90,000 square miles of Louisiana and Mississippi and displacing 1.5 million people" (Denning, 15) No matterNo matter the severity of the disasters and the impact on economic and environmental containments, there is an important moot point to be made: the "quality of the response depends not on response planning or on new equipment, but on the quality of the network that came together to provide relief" (Denning, 15) This type of response is not simply limited to what and how quickly relief was provided but also in how quickly the infrastructure response was mobilized. This infrastructure response includes restoration of voice and data communications, medical needs, etc. which are indirectly tied to the victims or those who are affected by natural disaster events. There are three categories that have been awarded when an HFN will respond and are broken down in the following table (Table 1): Category Characteristics Examples K: Known Know what to do Use existing network structures May choose not to respond Fast response team for time-critical business problem or opportunity KU: Known/Unknown Know what to do Don't know time or place Responding network structure known Local fire, small earthquake, civil unrest, military campaigns UU: Unknown / Unknown Don't know what to do Don't know time or place Responding network structure unknown 9/11 attack, other terrorist attacks, large earthquake, major natural disasters (Note: KU events can become UU events when scaled up to large areas or populations) Table 1: Kinds of events requiring response from hastily formed networks1 To further explain the category challenges, "the first category is the easiest and the least likely to stress the HFN; the middle category is the type that emergency agencies such as police and fire departments prepare for; but, the third category challenges are more defined as: Genuine surprise: the precipitating event is in no known category. There has been no advanced planning, training, or positioning equipment Chaos: everyone is

Analyzing Suicide Bombing Essay Example for Free

Analyzing Suicide Bombing Essay According to Robert Pape there have been 188 recorded suicide bombings all over the world from the period of 1980 to 2001. For almost two decades now he believed that it proliferated because it was effective. The perceived connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism also has been somewhat uncertain and also likely to worsen America’s situation. Instead what he observed was that nearly all suicide terrorist campaigns have one specific and strategic goal and that is to compel liberal democratic countries to withdraw military forces from their territorial boundaries. Religion as commonly know was not the sole cause, although it is often used as a tool by terrorist organizations in recruiting members and in other efforts in service of the broader strategic objectives. (Pape, 2003 ) Three patterns summarized his conclusions on the strategic and coercive logic of suicide terrorism. First is timing. Almost all suicide attacks occur in organized manner. Second is nationalist goal. Their campaigns are directed to gain control of their national homeland territory. And thirdly target selection. Suicide terrorist campaigns are directed toward liberal democracies. Suicide terrorist for example were successful to compel American and French forces to abandon Lebanon in 1983. (Pape, 2003) Suicide terrorist learned that the strategy is effective. It is coercive enough to compel a target government to change policy. Suicide terrorist often views democratic countries like United States, France, Israel and India as â€Å"soft† or vulnerable to coercion than authoritarian regimes that is why they are being targeted. (Pape, 2003) Analyzing Suicide Bombing Suicide bombing became one of the prominent strategies of contemporary terrorism. It has been one of the most difficult to understand since it’s difficult to explain how a person could risk his or her life in doing such a crime. It has led some to believe that those willing to sacrifice their own life are â€Å"religious fanatics†. (Pape, 2003)To understand suicide bombers one should also consider different incidences and real motives. One should not be limited on single specific terrorist group and religion. Suicide bombing as defined is any violent, politically motivated attacks, carried out in deliberate state of awareness of a person. (Bloom, 2004 ) Terrorist organizations overwhelmingly claim that violence is a tool of last resort and a sign of desperation. Suicide attacks in some contexts inspire a self perpetuating subculture of â€Å"martyrdom†. (Bloom, 2004) Possible candidate individuals to become suicides bombers are those people produced by the organization or educated outsiders who flock to the organization to volunteer because of personal reasons. (Bloom, 2004) Religious fanaticism cannot answer completely why the world leader in suicide terrorism is the Tamil tigers in Sri Lanka, a group that believes in Marxist/Leninist ideologies. Existing explanations have been also questioned by the widening range of socio-economic backgrounds of suicide terrorist. Terrorism has evolved dramatically over the years which are motivated either with religious ideologies or political convictions. Like other anti-colonialist predecessors of the immediate post-war era, many of the terrorist groups of this period promptly valued and adopted methods that would allow them to publicize their goals and accomplishments locally and internationally. Forerunners in this were the Palestinian groups who pioneered â€Å"hijacking† the modern generation suicide terrorist attack. (Burgess, 2003) Terrorists claim that they are using terror as their last resort. Ehud Sprinzak for example provided the organizational logic of using suicide terrorism. Because the enemy possesses the most sophisticated weapons in the world and its army is trained to very high standards they have nothing which to repel killing and crime against them except the weapon of martyrdom. It is easier and cost only their lives. For the terrorist, human bombs cannot be defeated, not even by nuclear bombs. (Bloom, 2004) Analyzing His Policy Prescription He has some policy prescriptions for containing suicide terrorism. According to Pape offensive military action or concession alone will not benefit for long. It will tend to encourage the terrorist leaders to further their coercive efforts. Homeland security and defensive efforts should be the main part of the solution. Identifying the best method to stop suicide terrorism is a complex task. Most ethnic civil wars can often be resolved by demographic separation because it reduces both means and incentives for both sides to attack. (Pape, 2003) The United States should emphasize instead in improving its domestic security. United States should adopt stronger border controls to make it more difficult for suicide attackers to enter the territory. The United States should also work towards energy independence and thus reduce the need for American troops in the Persian Gulf where their presence has caused greater agitation to their enemies. When one considers the strategic logic of suicide terrorism it becomes clear that America’s war on terrorism is heading in the wrong path. How should a democratic nation like America have responded in the past? They had to react by having heavy military offensives which only provoke more terrorist attacks. Offensive military action or concessions alone will not work for long. Advocates of concessions should also recognize that even if they are successful in disrupting their operations it will encourage terrorist to further their tactics. By limiting of offensive actions and concessions, homeland security and defensive efforts must now be strengthened. What is ironic in his prescription was that he suggests that the US troops in the Persian Gulf and Iraq should leave the territory but also see the move a bad idea to stop suicide terror because it tends to encourage terrorist more to use the tactic. Bloom vs. Pape’s Argument Professor Robert Pape earlier argued that suicide terror is a coercive strategy directed externally or against a more powerful enemy to coerce democratic governments to change policies and evacuate the territory that they control. (Bloom, 2004)Pape argues that liberal democracies can be coerced through the use of sufficient violence. Bloom believes that although Papes explanation is useful for understanding how suicide bombing is directed against the external enemy, it overlook the domestic political dynamics and organizational motivations for â€Å"outbidding†. The outbidding is due to the competition between the rival terrorist organizations. Greater violence will give them recognition from the crowd. Papes model correctly identifies the motivations of nationalist inspired suicide terrorist; however it does not fully explain why the religious groups with goals beyond territorial demands might use it. Papes focus on democratic countries should is debatable. He argues that suicide bombings work best against democratic regimes because of access to the media, freedom of movement and the â€Å"shock value†; however his theory cannot be adequately tested or verified at this point. Lastly Papes model cannot explain why those who share the same ethnicity as the terrorist are targeted. This approach regards the opposite engaged in suicide terror and cannot give an explanation for the competitive environment that emerges in some case and not in others. All of which requires an analysis of domestic and local level study and observation. (Bloom, 2004) Work Cited Pape, Robert â€Å"The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism† August 2003 American Political Science Review, The University Of Chicago 14 October 2008 http://danieldrezner. com/research/guest/Pape1. pdf. Bloom, Mia â€Å"Devising A Theory of Suicide Terror† February 2004 Center For Global Security and Democracy, Rutgers University 14 October 2008

World Studies Definitions :: essays research papers

1. Edison, Thomas Alva - 1847-1931, American inventor, b. Milan, Ohio. A genius in the practical application of scientific principles, Edison was one of the greatest and most productive inventors of his time, but his formal schooling was limited to three months in Port Huron, Mich., in 1854. For several years he was a newsboy on the Grand Trunk RR, and it was during this period that he began to suffer from deafness, which was to increase throughout his life. He later worked as a telegraph operator in various cities. Edison's first inventions were the transmitter and receiver for the automatic telegraph. 2. Bell, Alexander Graham - 1847-1922, American scientist, inventor of the telephone, b. Edinburgh, Scotland, educated at the Univ. of Edinburgh and University College, London; son of Alexander Melville Bell. He worked in London with his father, whose system of visible speech he used in teaching the deaf to talk. In 1870 he went to Canada, and in 1871 he lectured, chiefly to teachers of the deaf, in Boston and other cities. During the next few years he conducted his own school of vocal physiology in Boston, lectured at Boston Univ., and worked on his inventions. His teaching methods were of lasting value in the improvement of education for the deaf. 3. Carnegie, Andrew - 1835-1919, American industrialist and philanthropist, b. Dunfermline, Scotland. His father, a weaver, found it increasingly difficult to get work in Scottish factories. In 1848 he brought his family to Allegheny (now Pittsburgh), Pa. Andrew first worked in a cotton mill as a bobbin boy, then advanced himself as a telegrapher, and became (1859) a superintendent for the Pennsylvania RR. He resigned (1865) his railroad position to give personal attention to the investments he had made (1864) in iron manufactures. 4. John Davison Rockefeller - 1874-1960, b. Cleveland, grad. Brown, 1897 took over active management of his father's interests in 1911 and engaged in numerous philanthropies. Riverside Church in New York City was built through his gifts. He also gave vast sums for religious projects, for scientific investigation, and for the restoration of historic monuments. Among his most notable philanthropies were the restoration of colonial Williamsburg, Va., and the donation of the site for the United Nations headquarters in New York City. He founded (1931) and helped plan Rockefeller Center in New York City, which the Rockefeller interests, completed in 1939. 5. Gompers, Samuel - 1850-1924, American labor leader, b.

Global Culture and New Culture Essay

The concept of Global Culture is defined as the idea of a â€Å"one world culture† wherein the â€Å"earth’s inhabitants will lose their cultural diversity and one culture will be experienced by all people† (Oregon State University, 2008). At present, this kind of phenomenon is one of the most controversial issues that is being discusses and debated by numerous scholars especially in its relation to the changes that is currently happening in the world. However, the idea of a global culture is not a new subject matter, as it had been perceived by previous notable personalities. This is greatly exemplified by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel as they discussed the concept of global culture in the Communist Manifesto. The Communist Manifesto is considered as one of the world’s most influential political manuscripts in which the purposes and program of the Communist League is written. Nevertheless, this document also tackled the Communist League’s criticism of the Bourgeois In order to so, they also gave their perception of global culture and how this phenomenon affects the society. Marx and Engel began the Communist Manifesto by stating that the foundation all existing societies is the history of class struggle. They pointed out that early epochs up to the time that the manifesto was created the society is always composed of competing classes that are most appropriately described as the oppressor and the oppressed. The development and revolutions in history paved the way for two great classes that are directly facing against each other namely: the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. The formation of the modern Bourgeoisie is the product of a long course of development as well as the series of revolutions with regards to production and exchange (Marx and Engel, 1848). The Bourgeoisie is largely responsible in the changes of the mode of production, which give way to various modifications that greatly exemplified the idea of a global culture. The existence of the Bourgeoisie is dependent upon the continuous revolutionizing of the instruments of production and eventually the relations of productions. This includes expanding the market over the entire surface of the globe for the consumption of its products. Marx and Engel clearly explained the Bourgeoisie’s desire for globalization when they stated, â€Å"It must nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish connections everywhere† (Marx and Engel, 1848). In relation to the idea of market expansion, the Communist Manifesto also give due account of the concept of free trade, which is an important feature in achieving a global culture. The Communist League strongly believes that Free Trade is the main culprit in most people’s perception that personal worth is measured by the exchange of value that is most observable in the importance they give to material things. In order for the Bourgeoisie to pursue their objective of profitability by increasing production, they have to exploit other people by changing the way they think about themselves and modifying the values that they uphold (Marx and Engel, 1848). The Bourgeoisie’s exploitation of the world market is creating a cosmopolitan character to production and consumption of every country. Due to this, it is destroying the old-established national industries that are important in the national identity of a country. Industries do not merely utilized indigenous raw materials but they acquire it from the remotest parts of the world and their products are not merely consumed at their respective countries but also in every quarter of the globe. The globalization of trade also affects other factors such as communication. As such, the very way of life of the people is also influence wherein they adhere to the ideologies of the Bourgeoisie like being consumerists, which heightens the pursuance of this class’ interests (Marx and Engel, 1848). In this sense, Communists support the sentiments of the proletariat that they believed is being exploited by the Bourgeoisie. The league represents the common interests of all proletariats around the world regardless of their nationalities. They represent the proletariats in the different stages of development of the Bourgeoisie wherein there is an observable struggle of the working class. The primary aim of the Communist is similar with all other proletarian parties, which are: â€Å"the formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeoisie supremacy, conquest of political power by the proletariat† (Marx and Engel, 1848). Nevertheless, the Communist Manifesto clarifies that it is not after the abolition of property in general but rather the eradication of bourgeois property. In doing so, they can be able to uphold the freedom, independence, and equality of an individual that is taken away from him or her due to exploitative wage labor (Marx and Engel, 1848). Communists clearly saw the creation of a global culture through the revolution of production that the Bourgeoisie are responsible for as the cause of most of the world’s evil. Some of the detrimental effects that it gives are the exploitation of people especially the proletariat, the destruction of old established institution like the family, and the very self-value of an individual. On the other hand, some notable scholars like Henry Jenkins and Rob Walker perceive the new culture of globalization in a different light. Their works show the effects of the technological advancement that Marx and Engels noted in the Communist Manifesto. Henry Jenkins main argument was on the concept of Media Convergence. He asserted that the perspective that merely focused on technology is shortsighted. Jenkins emphasized that the real important factor is the understanding of the way by which individuals in the contemporary culture could participate and combine numerous media sources. Comprehending the relationship among various media forms can be done in a more in depth manner if the participation of individuals will be given due consideration. In relation to this, Jenkins suggested that convergence should be seen as a cultural process that is evolving and developing rather than a mere technological end. Moreover, he also elaborated that there are different sited wherein the negotiations between consumers and producers take place. These sites are â€Å"modifying audience measurement, redirecting globalization, re-engaging citizens, renegotiating relations between producers and consumers, redesigning the digital economy, rethinking media aesthetics, regulating media content, redefining intellectual property rights, and restricting media ownership† (Jenkins, 2006). Jenkins’ was able to seriously and extensively study the effects of audience participation in media culture. He was able to highlight the influence of digital popular culture on the behavior of individuals especially in terms of their participation in the field of politics. Rob Walker is also one of the contemporary personalities that has its own perspective with the modern state of production and consumption that exists in the world today. His arguments are centered on the concept of money culture and means of technology like advertising, music, and sequential art. The focus of Walker study is in examining the consumer behavior of an individual from the lens of business and anthropology. He discussed various products and the corresponding consumer trend that is was able to create. Walker attempts to understand the reasons behind consumers’ response to a certain product, which ranges from toothpaste to alcoholic drinks up to television programs. In doing so, he tend to critical analyze the a particular product by trying to understand the underlying concept of its brand name, target consumer, and even its effect on those who patronize it. Furthermore, he also tries to establish a connection between the product and the consumer by explaining how the characteristic or attitude of a consumer is reflected in the products that he or she buys (Walker, 2008). Marx and Engels’ Communist Manifesto calls the people especially the proletariat to take action in abolishing the concept of private property of the Bourgeoisie class that tends to exploit other people and destroy the very culture of nations. On the other hand, Jenkins and Walker also give emphasis in the participation of people in the convergence of media but they pointed out that this aids in the formation of identity rather than a mere way for exploitative labor. National identities are formed because of the existence of mass media that allows its audience to create their own texts and introduce their own identities that allows other people in the globe to see and understand other cultures. The existence of mass media in terms of the concept of convergence is already regarded as a cultural process in itself that allows people to develop their identities. In this modern age, mass media is not merely a technological advancement but rather it is a tool that allows people to participate and interact in the international community. References Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press. Marx, K. , & Engels, F. (1848). Manifesto of the Communist Party. Retrieved December 8, 2008, from http://www. marxists. org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch01. htm. Oregon University States. (2008). Definitions of Anthropological Terms. Retrieved December 8, 2008, from http://oregonstate. edu/instruct/anth370/gloss. html. Walker, R. (2008). Buyingin: The Secret Dialogue between What We Buy and Who We Are. New York: Random House.

MITI and the Japanese Miracle

The book â€Å"MITI and the Japanese Miracle† by Chalmers Johnson should be considered the classic of contemporary historical and economic studies because it significantly contributes the fields by examining and analyzing developmental states. In particular, Johnson discusses economic development strategies of East Asian country – Japan. Nowadays Japan’s economy is swiftly developing and in future Japan is very likely to achieve leading positions on the world scale. Therefore, the author decided to provide detailed overview of Japan economic development – how undeveloped country managed to improve economic positions and become very influential. I think that book is very informative and analytic because the author doesn’t tend to be dry and technical. Actually, the book is a well-written and coherent novel. The book highlights past details with new expressiveness. It is necessary to outline that Johnson depicts the discourse of Japanese economy in terms of mercantilism. Johnson states that the Japanese economy is labeled as mercantilist after anti-trade economies of Spain and Portugal have been attacked by Adam Smith. Thus, Johnson developed more exact political-economic model of capitalist development state. Japanese economy was characterized by suppression of consumption, supervision of domestic industries, and funneling savings into business development. Johnson provides overview of the history of MITI stressing that it is central to political and economic history of Japan.   He argues that mercantilism seemed to be vanished long before the economics took shape. In other words, mercantilism can’t be defined as operating economic theory as it was simply pragmatic adaptation. Mercantilism is claimed to anticipate and even to contradict market concepts and signals. The goal of mercantilism is to channel the resources to selected sectors pursuing the interests of elite groups and powerful figures. Apparently, mercantilism resulted in income discrimination. Johnson cites economists who state that mercantilism is nothing more than death of market efficiency. Market should be more efficient that the wisdom of the state, Johnson assumes. Also mercantilism affects resource allocation leading to rent-seeking distortions. So, mercantilism is associated to do harm rather than to provide benefits for economic development and national wealth. The author asserts that resource allocation shouldn’t be guided by the state because its role is to provide overall good and to respond adequately to market threats and opportunities. This kind of role is labeled as regulatory state. For example, Great Britain and the United States of America are regulatory state. According to Johnson, the task of regulatory state is to set rule aimed at governing competition, investment opportunities, pricing policies, entries and exits, and many other market functions. This process is called economic regulation. It is noted that economic regulation should establish a framework for market operation and should respond to problems and failures of market. Johnson examines Japan as developmental states and says that economic regulation in the country goes beyond the market maintenance. In developmental state the primary mission is to ensure long-term national welfare. The state is very likely to intervene actively into all economic and financial activities with the purpose of improving international competitiveness of the country. Japan is very bureaucratic state and economic and business readers don’t accept the strategies of laissez-faire, open markets, and free trade. Japanese leaders viewed the mentioned concepts as protection of economically powerful and influential exporters. Therefore, Japan’s strategy as developmental state is to reject the extant hierarchy of competitive advantage, as far as high return sectors would ensure high growth rates. However, such sectors aren’t associated with developing countries. Also there is no need for developing countries to rest with labor-intensive industries and agriculture. As Chalmers Johnson claims, these sectors should be with low growth prospect or, in other words, they should be low value-added. Developmental states should pay more attention to such strategy. Japanese government tends to utilize activist policies to promote and practice competitive advantage strategy. In this respect, developmental state is the result of neo-mercantilism and economic nationalism. Japan is also driven by such motive as the country refers to economic regulation to intensify and enhance technological development, as well as competitiveness of country’s leading industries, and capacity growth. Competitiveness is considered to be very essential for national economy. The abovementioned models don’t reject the role of the state in economic activities. Nevertheless, they are different as far as they provide different perspectives on resource allocation. Neoclassical economists stress state efficiency, whereas the point of neo-mercantilism is state effectiveness. The author argues that there is no empirical criterion how to judge which model is valid because each model is supported by evidence. Everything depends on the trends which are constantly changing. Johnson captured public attention and interest for its timing rather than for theoretical superiority. The author describes 1980s when economy has lost its effectiveness. Johnson writes that the United States also failed to compete decently both at the world and domestic markets. In that period the economies of developed and developing countries weren’t on the peak of success. In those days states were interested in comparative advantage and competitiveness. Johnson claims both competitive advantage and competitiveness are rather effectiveness rather than efficiency. If economy is efficient, it may perform effectively at world and domestic markets. Japan was   a teacher rather than formidable competitor. That is why the book catches attention. Johnson appeared to be the only writer who discussed Japan’s economy in such terms. In his book Johnson challenges neoclassical economic theory. References Johnson, Ch. (2003). MITI and the Japanese Miracle: the Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975. Stanford: Stanford University Press.   

Essay on Vikram Patel Mental Health

Essay on Vikram Patel Mental Health Essay on Vikram Patel: Mental Health Essay on Vikram Patel: Mental HealthAfter watching Ted Talks â€Å"Vikram Patel: Mental Health for All by Involving All†, it is possible to assess the effectiveness of SUNDAR. Vikram Patel, a well-known psychiatrist with a primary interest in mental health issues, has identified mental health illness as a serious problem in developing countries. The scope of the problem is really large because mental illness can kill people through suicide. According to statistical data, suicide is at the top if the list of the major causes of death in young people in all countries of the world. Besides, mental illness is the major cause of disability around the world. Mental illnesses count 15 % of all illnesses at the global level. Mental illnesses have a negative impact on the lives of all people. In addition, there is an incredible diversity of mental illnesses, including depression, psychosis and other illnesses and conditions. From a global point of view, it is very important to address this problem in a proper way. It is crucial to effectively use the knowledge we have to treat mentally ill people. I think that SUNDAR would be effective method to expand the treatment of mental illness in developed countries such as the United States. SUNDUR stands for â€Å"attractive† in Hindi. It involves 5 key lessons: simplify the message, unpack the treatment, deliver healthcare where there are affordable and available human resources in local communities, and relocate specialists to provide training and supervision. One of the examples of how SUNDAR can be used in American society is to use this approach in local poor communities. This approach can empower people to provide assistance to others who are in need of psychological support and professional healthcare assistance. Relating this to how a social worker can play a role in implementing SUNDAR, it is necessary to give supervision functions to a social worker because ordinary people involved in SUNDAR practices ne ed training and control.

Here Are The 7 Keys to Being Successful With CoSchedule

Here Are The 7 Keys to Being Successful With Youve officially sealed the deal on the tool that will save your life streamline your entire teams execution process AND increase your online engagement by leaps + bounds. ðŸ™Å' (And it feels hella awesome). The only problem:  You’ve gotta set it up. And you don’t have a lot of time. Cuz you’re busy! (That’s why you got in the first place!) Your to-do list is longer than should be legal†¦ You’ve got a thousand meetings†¦ †¦.a million fast-approaching deadlines†¦ And this whole tool set-up process feels like an EXTRA pile of tasks to try and squeeze in your already loaded to-do list. And we get it. Which is why I’ve put together a neat lil’ guide to set you (and your team) up for success with . â€Å"But Emma, shouldn’t I be able to do this myself? Without your help?!† The answer is a resounding, â€Å"Yes! You can definitely get set-up without me!† BUT this guide is filled with insider’s tips (and tricks). 😎 Things you *might* not know. Things that you might wish you would have read BEFORE trying to set everything up†¦ Things you’ll never know unless you keep on reading. :) Here Are The 7 Keys To Being Successful With So without further ado†¦. here are 7 keys to being successful with . You’ve got this! Key 1 Say ‘Yes!’ To The First Call With Your Expert Okay†¦. †¦I know what you’re thinking. â€Å"Really, Emma. ANOTHER CALL? I’ve already had X sales callsI don’t have time for thisI don’t want to be sold anymore, I already bought and I just want to get started.† And I hear you. But here are 3 reasons why you SHOULD go to the first call with your Expert: It will only take a few minutes of your time (15-20 minutes to be exact). You will NOT be sold anything. This is call to answer any questions, and give you some awesome tips + tricks so you can hit the ground running. And honestly†¦ †¦choosing to have the call (or not) is entirely up to you. But it could be the difference between spending 15-20 minutes on a call†¦ or multiple hours spinning your wheels  because you can’t figure out how to set up your calendar. My recommendation: have your initial call :) (You’ll thank yourself later) What you’ll need:  yourself, a nice cup of coffee or tea, and a whole buncha questions. And while I can’t provide you with a hot beverage †¦ . I CAN give you an initial list of questions (and why they are important to ask) to get the wheels turning. Here ya go! Question 1 : What are good strategies for communicating + sharing with my team? Explanation:  You’ve got this awesome, shiny, new tool. (Hint: It’s ). Besides setting it up, you’ve got a whole team to get on board with the changes that come along with figuring out a new tool and we have strategies + resources to make that process WAY easier. Question 2: We are rolling out in phaseswhat is the best way to do that? Explanation: We’ve helped TONS of people transition from different tools onto . (Which means we can help you make the transition seamless by applying the lessons we’ve learned along the way). Question 3: What are some metrics I should use to define success with ? Explanation: Based on the conversation / outcome of this question, your Expert can make  sure you have the reporting tools you need to prove success. (AKA make sure you have the metrics you need to make you look like a superstar!) And while those are just a few questions you could ask, feel free to come with any other questions you might have. 😊 We get that you don’t have a lot of time to spare†¦ Which is why I *highly* recommend attending your initial call, because it could end up saving you SO MUCH time as you start implementing . And that’s the goal, right? :) Key 2 Schedule Your Onboarding Call  (AKA Your *Custom* Crash Course) So after the initial call with your Expert†¦ make sure to set up a time (about two weeks later) for your #official onboarding call. â€Å"Wait. Why two weeks? Why can’t we just combine the pre-call with the onboarding call?† ^^Good question! Here is the main reason we hold two separate calls: time. It takes  time  to learn a new tool. And after you start diving into , you’re probably going to have questions but the key is you need plenty of time  in to figure out what questions you have! Two weeks between the initial call and the onboarding call makes sure you have enough time to a) get into the nitty-gritty of and b) come up with specific  questions based on how you decide to use the tool. Because this onboarding call isn’t your standard, run-of-the-mill call that we do for every client (that would be lame) it’s   a *custom* training for you + your team focused on your unique needs. The goal of the session is to drive adoption, achieve success faster†¦ AND spend more time getting the real work done. 👠 So once you’ve scheduled your onboarding call†¦ you’re ready for step numba 3! Key 3 Start Settin’ It Up! You’ve had the initial chat with your Expert†¦ scheduled your onboarding call†¦ so what now? 🠤” Well, it’s time to roll up your sleeves and start setting up, implementing, and getting familiar with ! *woop woop* And because this is your all-in-one guide to being successful with †¦ I’ve outlined the 4 major steps to complete before your official onboarding call. Readyset†¦go! Step 1: Communicate Why Was Hired To Your Team + Key Stakeholders You might have already done this step (pre-purchase) if so, skip ahead to step 2! If not†¦ this step is key. :) Informing your team (and any related stakeholders) about your new tool is crucial to it’s success. Because if your team isn’t excited about it†¦ then they aren’t going to be much help during the transition. #truelife So here are some quick strategies (in addition to any you discussed with your Expert during the initial call).. to effectively communicate with your team + any key stakeholders: Option 1: Have an informal meeting  where you invite everyone involved and have an open discussion about the reasons why you chose . Here’s a handy presentation, too! Option 2: Send an email  explaining why you chose with links to blogs that explain some of your favorite features. Team Performance Reports Social Media Management Managing Marketing Campaigns General Organization Option 3: Swing by every team member’s desk  (especially if you have a smaller team) for a quick discussion + to get their input. After you’ve talked with your team†¦ we hope they are just as excited as you! (And that they look a little something like this ↓  ) Step 2: Setting Up Your Calendar (The Basics) Next up: setting up your calendar! *party dance* In this section, we’re going to walk through how to set up your time zone, add team members to your calendar AND connect your social media accounts. Let’s get right to it. Set Up Your Time Zone First things firstlet’s set up your time zone. (Because timing is everything😉 ) Here’s the how-to: Head to your calendar settings by clicking the gear icon  on the lower left hand side of your screen. Select your calendar. (Note: If you have multiple calendars, you will have to set up each calendar individually, so select the one you would like to set up first) Near the top of the page, you should see â€Å"Calendar Time Zones.† If the time zone listed is incorrect, hit How do I change this? and you will be directed to a web page with detailed steps on how to modify your time zone. Add Team Members To Your Calendar Once you’ve set up your time zone†¦ you’re ready to add team members to your calendar. Here’s the how to: Head to your calendar settings (again), and select Team  from the left sidebar menu. Select Invite New User,  and either invite them via WordPress or via email. Use the drop-down to select your new team member’s role, and use the toggle switch if you want them to have Admin access. (For more information on how roles + admin settings work, check out this blog post on Team Permissions). Connect Your Social Accounts Once you’ve added all your team members to your calendar†¦ you’re ready to connect your social accounts! #boom Here’s the how-to: Within your calendar settings, select Social Profiles from the left-hand sidebar menu. From there, add any of your Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Tumblr, Google+, Pinterest, or Instagram profiles by following the directions on the screen. And now that you’ve gotten the initial set-up completed†¦ it’s onto step 3! 👠 Need help getting set up with ? Heres the guide youre looking for:Step 3: Get Organized You’ve communicated with your team + key stakeholders†¦. .set up your time zoneadded team members to your calendar†¦connected your social media accounts AND added content! Go you! ðŸ™Å' So the last thing to do before your onboarding meeting†¦ is to get organized! Within , there are 4 layers of organization: color labels, content types, tags, and saved calendar views. Here’s the breakdown: Color Labels:  How your team / content is structured Content Types:  The types of content you produce Tags:  The consistent project types that you + your team work on, and would want to easily find at a later date Saved Calendar Views: Groups of labels, content, team members, and/or tags that you want to quickly + easily access Layer 1: Color Labels First things first, figuring out how you want to utilize your color labels! Here are some questions to consider: Are there sub-groups within your team? Do you want to restrict access to certain types of groups or team members? Do some people work on similar content? (ie. graphics vs. copywriting vs. blogs vs. social media) Is there a color scheme I prefer? (such as company brand, etc) Once you answer those questions, it will be easier to figure out how many labels you need, the color scheme, and label names that will work best for you + your team. And because examples are always great, here are a few ways companies in varying industries could set up their color labels: And when you’re ready to create your *own* color labels†¦ here’s the how-to: Head to your calendar settings, and on the right side of the screen is a list of all your current labels (with the pre-set color scheme). To start changing up the colors, click on the circle icon, and select one of the colors listed in the drop down palette, or you can select a specific color by using the color wheel (or put in the exact hex number). To add text to your color label, head to the text box next to the color you want to use and start typing! If you haven’t decided what name to your label (or don’t want to name it at all)†¦any un-named labels will be listed horizontally at the bottom of the dropdown within your navigation menu. Once you have all the labels you need for your team, drag and drop them into the order that works best for you! And just like that†¦ You’ve mastered the art of the custom color label! *woop-woop* Layer 2: Content Types Onto the next layer of organization†¦.content types! Here are some questions to consider: What types of content do we use / create the most? Does every piece of content need it’s own content type? Are there any content types missing from the pre-set list that we need to create? And once you answer those questions, it will be SO much easier to figure out how to make content types work best for you. For your reference, here are two examples of how real companies use content types: SaaS Company: Nonprofit: ^^Pretty versatile, right? Key Takeaway: As long as the system works for you, that’s all that matters! :) Layer 3: Tags Let’s dive into the next layer of organization: tags. Here are some questions to consider: What consistent project types do you + your team work on? What kinds of content do you want to easily find at a later date? Is there a certain type of content you reference a lot? Once you’ve thought through the above, you should have a nice list of categories that you can add to your content. And when you’re ready,  here’s the how-to: Head into any piece of content you already have on the calendar. Underneath the text box where you have titled your piece of content (and added a description) is a text box where you can create your first tag. Simply type in the first tag you want for your piece of content, hit Enter, and then voila! You’ve successfully added your first tag! And because we don’t like limits†¦ †¦you can add as many tags as you want to a piece of content. :) Pro Tip: Make sure the tags you add to your content make sense  AND are memorable. Why? Because you have to actually be able to find them†¦ otherwise, it won’t cut down on your search process down the road. 😉 And because examples are always helpful here are 3 different ways you could use tags to organize your content: Scenario 1:  Your marketing team has posts written in different languages, so now you can easily add tags like â€Å"English† or â€Å"Espaà ±ol† (along with however many other tags you want to add) to those specific pieces of content. Or if you create content for certain regions of the world, make sure to include the region / country name as one of your tags. For instance â€Å"North America† or â€Å"Argentina.† Scenario 2:  Your marketing team manages multiple clients. So now you can easily add their respective company names as tag to every piece of their content. For example all Hotdog + Co content should include the tag â€Å"Hotdog + Co.† Scenario 3:  Your marketing team produces a whole range of topical content. For instance, part of your content usually includes How-to’s and feature launches. So if you write a blog about how to use a new feature called â€Å"Raining Cats + Dogs† make sure to add â€Å"How-To† and â€Å"Raining Cats + Dogs† when assigning tags to your content. And just like content types, there is no â€Å"right† way to use tags as long as your system works for you + your team. :) Layer 4: Saved Calendar Views Finally, let’s talk about saved calendar views! (AKA the layer of organization that makes it easy to quickly access your content). Here are some questions to consider before you create a saved calendar view: Is there a specific label, content type, or tag that you want to quickly access? Are there things on your calendar that your would rather *not* see? Do you want to create views so each member of your team can access their specific content quickly? And when you’ve got an idea of the views you want to create, here’s the how-to: On the upper left side of your calendar, select your new filter button. Opened your menu, and at the top you will notice a â€Å"Saved† section. This is where your saved filters will be located (more on that later). Below that list, you should see ALL the options you can use to filter your calendar. Then, drill down into a view that works best for you (just one time!), and save your filter for quick + convenient access whenever you need it. Oh, and because we don’t believe in limits around here†¦ you can create an *unlimited* amount of saved calendar views. #boom So, once you’ve created all the views you need, easily to drag and drop them into the order that makes the most sense for you + your team. And BOOM!.. you’ve officially learned how to organize  your *new* calendar. Im learning how to organize my content marketing team with @! Join me:Step 4: Add Content To Your Calendar It’s the moment you’ve been waiting for†¦ adding REAL LIFE content to your calendar! And because this is the ultimate how-to guide, were gonna show you how to plan + add content to your calendar using Marketing Campaigns  Ã°Å¸ËœÅ½ *OMG* But before you start adding EVERYTHING  to your calendar†¦ start by testing it out a little. Because by starting slow, you give yourself PLENTY of time to learn all the ins-and-outs of adding content before making a complete  transition. While learning curve is minimal†¦ (hey, we don’t like complicated stuff either) thoroughly understanding how everything works (and working out any kinks) is always a win-win! So, to figure out which content you want to test out, ask yourself â€Å"Over the next 30 days or so, what   3-5 big content-heavy projects do I want to transition to ?† Once you have a listyou’re *officially* ready to start adding content to your calendar with Marketing Campaigns. Here’s the how-to: First, create a Marketing Campaign on your calendar, and name your project using the title of your event. For instance â€Å"Block Party.† Then, assign a color label to your project, add an owner, and finally, add the beginning date (the day the first piece of content would be due) and end date (either the day of the event OR the last day of any post-event content items). And then save your project! (Hint: For more information on creating multi-day marketing campaigns, check out this blog post). But before you start adding content to your marketing project†¦ take a few minutes to think about the content types (and their purpose) that would be included in your marketing project. To get the wheels turning, let’s break down the types of content you could leverage to plan a large event, like a Block Party: Article (for your thoughts): A list of all the event-related items that need to be done before the Block Party (event location, budget, decorations, vendors, etc) Email:  Save The Dates (time and date, plus some detail) Email:  Invitation (time and date, detail, and register link) Blog: Even more details about the block party (celebrities, music, food, drinks) Social Promotion:  Social campaign to get people hyped about the event Social Promotion:  Social campaign with photos of the actual event (after it happens Email: Thank you (to thank guests who attend the event) And once you’ve planned out what content types to add on your calendar†¦ here’s how you add the content to your marketing project (using the Block Party as an example). First, head to your Block Party marketing project, click the + sign on the first day of your project timeline, and add the content type  Article. Name your article  Block Party Checklist, assign it a color label, an owner, and select Create Project Checklist. Now you can add documents from Google Docs, files from your computer, sync to WordPress (if it’s a blog), or start typin’ away in our text editor. And now for my FAVORITE PART: adding tasks to your content :) There are 2 ways to add tasks to your piece of content: 1) adding them one by one in the main panel or 2) creating a workflow template that you can reuse (which is GREAT if you are consistently following the same process every time for a certain type of content). The best part about tasks? You can assign owners AND due dates to every single task†¦ which makes it easy to understand workloads and keep track of deadlines  (so you’re always in the loop)! ^^pretty awesome, right?! And once you’ve added your tasks to your piece of content, you’re ready to add the next piece of content to your marketing project! 👠 Rinse and repeat the above steps until every piece of content is added to your marketing project. ^^When you’re done, it should look a lil’ something like this! And once you’ve added 3-5 major projects to your calendar†¦ you’re onto step 5!Key 4 Get Pumped For Your  #Official Onboarding Call YOU MADE IT. It’s approximately two weeks after your initial call†¦ you’ve taken a dive into your shiny, new tool†¦ And now you’re ready for your *custom* crash course with your very own Expert.   Ã°Å¸â€™ ª Here’s what to expect: Your session will be anywhere from 30 minutes to 1 hour (based on the amount of questions you might have). This is a QA and strategy session, so expect some great discussion about what we can do to make your favorite tool. You’re chatting with a super nice person from the Midwest it’s going to be a pleasant AND efficient convo :) Now, here’s what you should bring: A few key members of your team. Why? Because this gives them an opportunity to ask questions, meet with a Expert, and get hyped! A list of any issues you are having with . This is a GREAT time to talk about any issues you are experiencing. Having trouble connecting social profiles? Want to talk strategy when it comes to organizing your calendar? Need something fixed with billing? Now’s the time :) Finally, any questions you (or your team) might have. Have questions based on your experience in the tool? (Hint:  Think back to when we talked about why time  in the tool is the most important way to figure out if you have questions. Now that you’ve been in the tool for a couple weeks, use this time get all those questions answered :) And after you feel like all your questions have been answered, your issues (if any) are resolved, and your team feels AMAZING about the tool†¦ you’re done! And onto the next step. 😎 Key 5 Roll Out To Your Team! *woop woop* Everything’s set up†¦ now it’s time getting your team acclimated + EXCITED to start using on a regular basis. *happy dance* First, get your core team members (2-3 people) comfortable with the tool. This gives you the opportunity to get their initial feedback + make adjustments (if necessary). Plus, they might have a better idea on how to organize your content, etc., and can help you finalize how you want the rest of your team to use . And once you have a few comfortable users Roll it out to the rest of your team.😎 The best part? The initial 2-3 people who are already in the tool can help train the newbies! :) And once you’ve got your *whole* team onto †¦ the last couple steps are easy as pie. Key 6 You’re Gonna Be An All-Star (Let’s Prove It) As we near the end of *officially* setting you up for success†¦ it’s time to think about goal setting. Why? Because that’s how you can prove your success down the road. Let’s round up some key reports + metrics that you can use to figure out your goals. 🠤   Let’s round up some key reports + metrics that you can use to figure out your goals.Social Engagement Report First, let’s head to your Social Engagement Report. This is where you can view your overall engagement rate, the engagement rates by each social network, AND the social engagement of every social profile you have linked to your calendar. Starting from your main calendar view, select Analytics  in your sidebar menu, and then click on your Social Engagement Report. Adjust the date from when you first started sending out social messages to today’s date. Note your engagement rate (which total engagements divided by total messages sent), the engagement rates of all your social networks, and the engagement rates of your social profiles. Now, think about where you want those numbers to be one month from now†¦ 6 months from now†¦ and a year from now! Make sure to write down your goals (may I suggest the Type-A favorite, the Excel spreadsheet) and then decide how often you want to track those numbers (ex. weekly or monthly). Once you’ve solidified the metrics you want to track for your social media performance (if you’re using the tool for social) it’s time to set goals related to your team’s performance. Team Performance Report Head to your  Team Performance Report  (on your analytics page). This is where you can view your overall completion rate (along with diving into individual projects), and check up on individual team members completed tasks vs. tasks completed past due vs. overdue tasks. My recommendation? Track your overall completion rate two different ways. 1) Your overall (so year to date) completion rate and 2) your monthly completion rate (you can do this by adjusting the dates in the upper left-hand corner of the report). Look at your current numbers†¦ and set your goals from there :) As far as individual team member performance†¦you can definitely track that too (but it might get a little tedious after a while), so here’s a general rule of thumb: everyone should always be at 100% (or really close) when it comes to completing tasks on time. If you start to notice that isn’t the case†¦ (whenever you decide to check in) then it’s worth setting up meetings with your team members to see what the problem is. It could be that your workflow process isn’t matching what your team can handle†¦ you need to adjust workloads  (because some people are slammed and others are not) or someone *actually* is dropping the ball. At the end of the day, it’s all about catching hiccups early and meeting (or exceeding) the goal you set up for your overall completion rate. Finallylet’s talk about goals for content + workflow management. Content + Workflow Management is the #1 marketing calendar for everything you need organized†¦ but we also want it to be the #1 way you create + publish your content†¦ AND be the #1 way you manage + optimize your workflows. Here are a couple metrics to think about when it comes to creating + publishing your content : # Content Published Monthly  (with the goal of producing MORE content, faster) Average Time Spent Producing Content (you should be able get more accomplished in a much shorter time period, so a goal here would be to see a decrease for a while and then finding your sweet spot). And here are a couple metrics to think about when it comes to optimizing your workflows: Execution Time  (how long it takes your team to complete content, should be faster with ) Tasks Completed On Time vs. Past Due  (use your Team Performance Report to track this!) Just like you did with the Social Engagement Report, look at where you are right now with all these metrics. Then, think about where you want to be one month from now, 6 months from now, and a year from now. Make sure to write them down + track ‘em (recommendation: track all your metrics in the same place). And beyond the metrics + reports listed here, you might have a few internal reports you want to use (based on your company, etc.). So make sure to set goals for those, too! And once you have all your goals + metrics defined†¦ you’re ready for the LAST key to being successful with . Key 7 Keep Crushin’ It! You’ve got your questions answered†¦your calendar is set up†¦ Your team is onboardedall your key stakeholders are pumped about your metrics (because you’re already seeing *amazing* results) and you’re feeling great. Go you! 🎉 Now all you gotta do is keep crushin’ it. And even though you’re a pro†¦ If you ever have any questions, don’t hesitate to contact us at support@.com. We’re here to help. :)

Royal Mail Privatisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Royal Mail Privatisation - Essay Example For purposes of this brief analysis, the author will consider the case of the Royal Mail with regards to its upcoming privatized nation. Rather than delineating whether or not this is a positive or negative in, per se, the analysis will be contingent upon the activities and obligations that the Royal Mail engenders, how privatized nation might impact this industry, a discussion and analysis of what privatized nation actually entails, a discussion of the market structure of the parcel and packet delivery industry, and analysis of the way that this might impact upon performance, business, industry, and the consumer, and finally a discussion and analysis of whether such a level of privatization might in fact be in the best interests of these respective stakeholders or not (Houghton et al., 2013). It is the hope of this author that such a level of analysis will help to elucidate a further level of understanding in the mind of the reader with regards to the Royal mail and how it is likely to be defined and evolved within the coming years (Whyman, 2009). Q1: As it stands today, the Royal Mail is responsible for delivering and processing tens of millions of pieces of mail, both domestic and international, that transit within the United Kingdom. Tracing its origins back as far as Henry VIII, the Royal Mail service has existed and evolved with the needs of the United Kingdom throughout the years. Currently, the Royal Mail is the primary and most prolific provider of posts and parcel service within the United Kingdom and its territories (The Guardian, 2012). As with many other nationalized entities, the Royal Mail has not operated with ultimate profitability as the core contingent. Although solvency and a level of profitability has been considered, the main driving force that denotes business interactions within the world has not, at least up until this time, then a prescient concern. One of the defining compliments of the Royal Mail is what is known as the â€Å"univer sal service†. This â€Å"universal service† regards the compunction that the Royal Mail has to service all corners of the United Kingdom and provide post and parcel service, as well as a litany of other services, to these individuals; regardless of whether they live in far-flung reaches of the UK (Yarker, 2013). Naturally, privatization threatens to fundamentally redefine the way in which the Royal Mail operates. Consequently, before delving too deeply into the process of privatization itself, or seeking to analyze the means by which privatization will impact upon the Royal Mail, it is necessary seek to understand privatization itself as well as the core fundamentals of what it entails for any operation that engages with such a model of production. As has briefly been referenced above, the Royal Mail has not previously operated within the bounds of seeking to maximize a level of profitability. However, by very definition, privatization is a process through which singula r or joint ownership of a given entity/business seeks to exploit the overall level of profitability that can be realized. As a function of this, privatization threatens to fundamentally shift the way in which such an industry as the Royal Mail might be evidenced within the future. Q2: Whereas the Royal Mail had a near monopoly upon the United Kingd